Nutrient Analysis Plus

Sodium is an important mineral and electrolyte that regulates the body's water and salt balance. It also plays a central role in nerve signal transmission and muscle function. The body usually maintains sodium levels within a narrow range to keep essential functions stable.

High levels (hypernatremia) often occur with fluid deficiency and can trigger thirst, confusion, or seizures. Low levels (hyponatremia) arise, for example, from significant fluid loss, kidney problems, or certain medications and lead to weakness, headaches, and in extreme cases, consciousness disorders.

Transcobalamin is a protein that transports vitamin B12 in the blood and makes it available to the cells. A deficiency or dysfunction can lead to reduced vitamin B12 supply to the cells, which can cause various health problems.

Vitamin B12 is an essential vitamin needed for the formation of red blood cells, the function of the nervous system, and the production of DNA. It is found almost exclusively in animal foods such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products.

A deficiency in Vitamin B12 can lead to anemia, fatigue, concentration problems, and nerve damage. Those at increased risk for a deficiency include older adults, vegetarians, vegans, or individuals with absorption disorders in the intestine.

HDL cholesterol is often referred to as "good cholesterol" because it transports excess cholesterol from the vessels to the liver. There, it is broken down or recycled, reducing deposits in the arteries. Thus, HDL helps to keep the vessels healthy and free from calcifications.

High HDL levels are considered beneficial as they are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases. Low levels, on the other hand, increase the risk of arteriosclerosis and heart attack.

LDL cholesterol is referred to as "bad cholesterol" because it transports cholesterol from the liver to the body's cells. Excess LDL can deposit in the vessel walls and form so-called plaques. These deposits narrow the vessels and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

High LDL levels are an important risk factor for arteriosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke. Low levels, on the other hand, are considered beneficial for vascular health.

Triglycerides are the main form of fats in the body and are primarily stored in fat cells. They are formed when excess energy from food is converted into fat. Some triglycerides circulate in the blood and serve as an energy source.

Elevated triglyceride levels can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases, especially when LDL is high and HDL is low at the same time. Very high levels can also trigger inflammation of the pancreas.

Selenium is an essential trace element that is indispensable for the function of numerous enzymes, particularly antioxidant enzyme systems such as glutathione peroxidase. It supports the defense against cell damage caused by free radicals and plays a key role in thyroid function, especially in the conversion of thyroxine (T4) into the active triiodothyronine (T3).

A selenium deficiency can contribute to increased susceptibility to infections, thyroid dysfunction, muscle weakness, and cardiovascular diseases. A low selenium level is also observed in inflammatory diseases and autoimmune disorders.

Manganese is a trace element that is necessary in small amounts for a variety of biological functions. It supports the activity of several enzymes important for energy metabolism, bone health, wound healing, and protection against oxidative stress. Manganese is also involved in the formation of connective tissue and the regulation of blood sugar.

A deficiency is rare but can lead to growth disorders, impairments in fat and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as neurological symptoms.

An excess is also possible and can have toxic effects, particularly on the nervous system.

Copper is an essential trace element required for numerous physiological processes such as the formation of red blood cells, the function of enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase), and energy production in cells. Copper also supports the development of the nervous system, iron utilization, and the strengthening of the immune system.

A deficiency can lead to anemia, increased susceptibility to infections, neurological symptoms, and connective tissue weaknesses. Conversely, elevated copper levels can occur, for example, in chronic inflammations or liver diseases.

Zinc is an essential trace element involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions. It is crucial for the function of the immune system, cell division and regeneration, wound healing, and antioxidant protection. Zinc also influences hormone balance and skin health.

A zinc deficiency can lead to susceptibility to infections, delayed wound healing, hair loss, skin diseases, taste disorders, and even growth delays. In stressful situations, chronic illnesses, or with an unbalanced diet, the need for zinc may also increase.