Copper is an essential trace element required for numerous physiological processes such as the formation of red blood cells, the function of enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase), and energy production in cells. Copper also supports the development of the nervous system, iron utilization, and the strengthening of the immune system.

A deficiency can lead to anemia, increased susceptibility to infections, neurological symptoms, and connective tissue weaknesses. Conversely, elevated copper levels can occur, for example, in chronic inflammations or liver diseases.