Sodium

Sodium is an important mineral and electrolyte that regulates the body's water and salt balance. It also plays a central role in nerve signal transmission and muscle function. The body usually maintains sodium levels within a narrow range to keep essential functions stable.

High levels (hypernatremia) often occur with fluid deficiency and can trigger thirst, confusion, or seizures. Low levels (hyponatremia) arise, for example, from significant fluid loss, kidney problems, or certain medications and lead to weakness, headaches, and in extreme cases, consciousness disorders.