The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced in the testes in men and in the ovaries in women. In male embryos, it ensures that the Müllerian ducts regress, while female embryos have only very low AMH levels, allowing the uterus and fallopian tubes to develop.

In women of reproductive age, the AMH level serves as a measure of the so-called ovarian reserve – a high value means that many eggs are still present; with increasing age, the level decreases and falls to zero with menopause. AMH measurements are primarily used in fertility treatments to estimate the number of available eggs and to plan hormone dosing. The test is also used to detect a premature transition to menopause and to diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome or certain ovarian tumors.